Modern T�rkl�k Ara�t�rmalar� Dergisi/Journal of Modern Turkish Studies (2008), 5/1, Art.#3

Modern T�rkl�k Ara�t�rmalar� Dergisi (2008), 5/1:7-46
Telif Hakk� � 2008 Ankara �niversitesi
Mak. # 3
Journal of Modern Turkish Studies (2008), 5/1:7-46
Copyright � 2008 Ankara University
Art. # 3

Sovyet Kar��t� Azerbaycan T�rk Siyas� Muhacir Ne�riyat�nda �T�rk �nk�l�b��: Yeni Kafkasya ve Resulzade Mehmed Emin

SA�ME SELENGA G�KG�Z
Hacettepe �niversitesi

�ZET

Sovyet Kar��t� T�rk siyas� muhacereti, 1917 Ekim �htil�li ile kendi mill� ve siyas� varl�k m�cadelesini 1917-1922 aras�nda Rusya i�inde tecr�be eden T�rk siyas� elitlerine i�aret eder. Bu siyasi elitler, Azerbaycan�dan K�r�m�a, �dil-Ural�dan T�rkistan�a y�r�tt�kleri ba��ms�zl�k hareketlerinin faal akt�rleridir. Fakat Sovyet ve Rus kar��t� olarak, Rusya�dan ayr�l�p siyas� m�lteci olarak T�rkiye�ye ve Avrupa�n�n �e�itli �lkelerine s��nm��lard�r. Yeni T�rkiye, Anadolu�da anti-emperyalist milli m�cadelenin ard�ndan, Lozan�la beraber kuruldu�unda, bu elitlerin de dayand�� milliyet prensibini hayata ge�iren ulus-devlet olarak ortaya ��kan tek T�rk �lkesi de oldu.� Bu m�cadele, s�z konusu bu mill� muhacirleri oldu�u kadar Do�u s�m�rge M�sl�man uluslar� i�in de �kurtulu��un modeli olmu�tur. D�nyay� ve e�yay� pozitivist kavrayan bu laik elitler, siyaseten de liberaldi. Rusya ge�mi�leriyle, Rusya T�rkl��n�n cedit�i nesliydi de. �ki ihtilal aras�nda siyalla�an bu entelekt�el elitler i� ideolojik �atalla�malardan da nasiplerini alm��lard�. Kemalist ink�l�plar� takdir ve tasvip ettiler, bu ink�l�plar�n anlam�n� Sovyet Rusya idaresindeki �esir� T�rk �lkeleri ve M�sl�man Do�u i�in olumlu yorumlad�lar. Kemalistler, onlar i�in M�sl�man T�rk toplumsal de�i�mesini, ilerlemeyi ger�ekle�tiren T�rk radikalizmini ifade etmekteydi. �Bu siyas� muhacerette Azerbaycan T�rkleri, Azerbaycan��n Sovyet� idaresinden kurtulu�u ve ba��ms�zl�� hedefini bir programla harekete ge�erek �rg�tlendiler. Mehmed Emin Resulzade, 1905-1917, 1917-1920 aras� siyas� faaliyetini, M�savat F�rkas� ekseninde harice de ta��d�, Azerbaycan T�rk muhaceretinin siyas� lideri oldu.� Muhaceretin siyas� yay�n organ� Sovyet kar��t� s�ylemiyle Yeni Kafkasya 1923-1927 aras�nda yay�nland�, bu yay�n� Azeri T�rk ve Odlu Yurt izledi. 1931�de T�rkiye d��na ��kt�. Bu �� siyas� muhacir dergi, cedit�i kimlik birle�eni ile Kemalist ink�l�plar� de�erlendirdi�i gibi, T�rk d�� siyasetini, T�rk-Sovyet ili�kilerini, Avrupa�da iki sava� aras� d�nemde ya�anan alt�st olu�u, Avrupa-T�rkiye ili�kilerini de s�tunlar�nda de�erlendi.

ANAHTAR S�ZC�KLER
Mehmed Emin Resulzade, Azerbaycan siyas� muhacereti, Azerbaycan T�rk siyas� ne�riyat�, Yeni Kafkasya, Azeri T�rk, Odlu Yurt, T�rk �nk�l�b�n�n retori�i.

(Al�nd�� tarih 18 Ekim 2007)
(Kabul edildi�i tarih 19 Aral�k 2007)
(E-Yay�n tarihi 28 �ubat 2008)

Yaz��ma:
Yaz��ma Adresi: Saime Selenga G�kg�z, Yrd.Do�.Dr., Hacettepe �niversitesi, Atat�rk �lkeleri ve �nk�lap Tarihi Enstit�s�, 06532 Beytepe,� Ankara. T�RK�YE.

E-posta: ssgokgoz@hacettepe.edu.tr

"Turkish Revolution" in Anti-Soviet Azerbaijan Turkish Political Emigre Publications: Yeni Kafkasya and Resulzade Mehmed Emin

SA�ME SELENGA G�KG�Z
Hacettepe University

ABSTRACT

Anti-soviet Turkish political refugees represent those political elite who struggled in and after Bolshevik Revolution for national independence. These modernist elite from Azerbaijan to Crimea, Idel-Ural to Turkistan figthed, for anti-Bolshevik rebuilding of new era in Russia.� But the formation of Soviet regime obliged these political fighters to leave their homeland and to emigrate. A new period opened for Turkish political �migr�s in Europe and in newly independed Turkey.� Turkey was a symbol of struggle against imperialism, being succeeded a national independence war after the collapse of Ottoman Empire, for Soviet Russia�s �oppressed� Muslim Turks and also for the peoples of the East who were subjects of western colonialist empires. �Mustafa Kemal, leader of Independence War was also founder of new Turkey. Turkish Revolution that could be characterized as Turkish way of western type of modernization and Mustafa Kemal for political �migr�s was perfect model. They were proud of success of Turkey. Reading of their political immigration publications give us how they conceived Turkish Revolution and maked imagology on Savior of Turkey, Atat�rk. One of these political �migr� colonies in Turkey was Azerbaijani Turks. Mehmed Emin Resulzade, a key figure modern Azerbaijan history, organized the colony in Istanbul for the �cause of independed Azerbaijan� and founded Azerbaijan Nation Center. Resulzade and his political entourage, which were the founders of national democratic republic of Azerbaijan before sovietization, published many political reviews which were the organs of defense in their nationalist and anti-Soviet struggle. Yeni Kafkasya (New Caucasia) was the first publication of all Turkish political refugees from Soviet Russia. This review and others, Azeri Turk and Odlu Yurt which were published successively in Istanbul played an important role to promulgate the Azerbaijani national cause.

KEY WORDS
Mehmed Emin Resulzade, Azerbaijani Turkish political emigration, political publications of Azerbaijani Turks in Turkey, Yeni Kafkasya, Azeri T�rk, Odlu Yurt, rhetoric of Turkish Revolution

(Received February 18 2007)
(Accepted December 19 2007)
(Published Online February 28 2008)

Correspondence:
Address for correspondence: Saime Selenga G�kg�z, Assoc.Prof.Dr., Hacettepe University, Atat�rk Principles and Revolution History Institute, 06532 Beytepe, Ankara . T�RK�YE.

E-mail: ssgokgoz@hacettepe.edu.tr


Modern T�rkl�k Ara�t�rmalar� Dergisi (2008), 5/1:7-46 Telif Hakk� � 2008 Ankara �niversitesi Mak. # 3		Journal of Modern Turkish Studies (2008), 5/1:7-46 Copyright � 2008 Ankara University Art. # 3

Sovyet Kar��t� Azerbaycan T�rk Siyas� Muhacir Ne�riyat�nda �T�rk �nk�l�b��: Yeni Kafkasya ve Resulzade Mehmed Emin SA�ME SELENGA G�KG�Z Hacettepe �niversitesi �ZET Sovyet Kar��t� T�rk siyas� muhacereti, 1917 Ekim �htil�li ile kendi mill� ve siyas� varl�k m�cadelesini 1917-1922 aras�nda Rusya i�inde tecr�be eden T�rk siyas� elitlerine i�aret eder. Bu siyasi elitler, Azerbaycan�dan K�r�m�a, �dil-Ural�dan T�rkistan�a y�r�tt�kleri ba��ms�zl�k hareketlerinin faal akt�rleridir. Fakat Sovyet ve Rus kar��t� olarak, Rusya�dan ayr�l�p siyas� m�lteci olarak T�rkiye�ye ve Avrupa�n�n �e�itli �lkelerine s��nm��lard�r. Yeni T�rkiye, Anadolu�da anti-emperyalist milli m�cadelenin ard�ndan, Lozan�la beraber kuruldu�unda, bu elitlerin de dayand�� milliyet prensibini hayata ge�iren ulus-devlet olarak ortaya ��kan tek T�rk �lkesi de oldu.� Bu m�cadele, s�z konusu bu mill� muhacirleri oldu�u kadar Do�u s�m�rge M�sl�man uluslar� i�in de �kurtulu��un modeli olmu�tur. D�nyay� ve e�yay� pozitivist kavrayan bu laik elitler, siyaseten de liberaldi. Rusya ge�mi�leriyle, Rusya T�rkl��n�n cedit�i nesliydi de. �ki ihtilal aras�nda siyalla�an bu entelekt�el elitler i� ideolojik �atalla�malardan da nasiplerini alm��lard�. Kemalist ink�l�plar� takdir ve tasvip ettiler, bu ink�l�plar�n anlam�n� Sovyet Rusya idaresindeki �esir� T�rk �lkeleri ve M�sl�man Do�u i�in olumlu yorumlad�lar. Kemalistler, onlar i�in M�sl�man T�rk toplumsal de�i�mesini, ilerlemeyi ger�ekle�tiren T�rk radikalizmini ifade etmekteydi. �Bu siyas� muhacerette Azerbaycan T�rkleri, Azerbaycan��n Sovyet� idaresinden kurtulu�u ve ba��ms�zl�� hedefini bir programla harekete ge�erek �rg�tlendiler. Mehmed Emin Resulzade, 1905-1917, 1917-1920 aras� siyas� faaliyetini, M�savat F�rkas� ekseninde harice de ta��d�, Azerbaycan T�rk muhaceretinin siyas� lideri oldu.� Muhaceretin siyas� yay�n organ� Sovyet kar��t� s�ylemiyle Yeni Kafkasya 1923-1927 aras�nda yay�nland�, bu yay�n� Azeri T�rk ve Odlu Yurt izledi. 1931�de T�rkiye d��na ��kt�. Bu �� siyas� muhacir dergi, cedit�i kimlik birle�eni ile Kemalist ink�l�plar� de�erlendirdi�i gibi, T�rk d�� siyasetini, T�rk-Sovyet ili�kilerini, Avrupa�da iki sava� aras� d�nemde ya�anan alt�st olu�u, Avrupa-T�rkiye ili�kilerini de s�tunlar�nda de�erlendi. ANAHTAR S�ZC�KLER Mehmed Emin Resulzade, Azerbaycan siyas� muhacereti, Azerbaycan T�rk siyas� ne�riyat�, Yeni Kafkasya, Azeri T�rk, Odlu Yurt, T�rk �nk�l�b�n�n retori�i. (Al�nd�� tarih 18 Ekim 2007) (Kabul edildi�i tarih 19 Aral�k 2007) (E-Yay�n tarihi 28 �ubat 2008) Yaz��ma: Yaz��ma Adresi: Saime Selenga G�kg�z, Yrd.Do�.Dr., Hacettepe �niversitesi, Atat�rk �lkeleri ve �nk�lap Tarihi Enstit�s�, 06532 Beytepe,� Ankara. T�RK�YE. E-posta: ssgokgoz@hacettepe.edu.tr *"Turkish Revolution" in Anti-Soviet Azerbaijan Turkish Political Emigre Publications: Yeni Kafkasya* and Resulzade Mehmed Emin SA�ME SELENGA G�KG�Z Hacettepe University ABSTRACT** Anti-soviet Turkish political refugees represent those political elite who struggled in and after Bolshevik Revolution for national independence. These modernist elite from Azerbaijan to Crimea, Idel-Ural to Turkistan figthed, for anti-Bolshevik rebuilding of new era in Russia.� But the formation of Soviet regime obliged these political fighters to leave their homeland and to emigrate. A new period opened for Turkish political �migr�s in Europe and in newly independed Turkey.� Turkey was a symbol of struggle against imperialism, being succeeded a national independence war after the collapse of Ottoman Empire, for Soviet Russia�s �oppressed� Muslim Turks and also for the peoples of the East who were subjects of western colonialist empires. �Mustafa Kemal, leader of Independence War was also founder of new Turkey. Turkish Revolution that could be characterized as Turkish way of western type of modernization and Mustafa Kemal for political �migr�s was perfect model. They were proud of success of Turkey. Reading of their political immigration publications give us how they conceived Turkish Revolution and maked imagology on Savior of Turkey, Atat�rk. One of these political �migr� colonies in Turkey was Azerbaijani Turks. Mehmed Emin Resulzade, a key figure modern Azerbaijan history, organized the colony in Istanbul for the �cause of independed Azerbaijan� and founded Azerbaijan Nation Center. Resulzade and his political entourage, which were the founders of national democratic republic of Azerbaijan before sovietization, published many political reviews which were the organs of defense in their nationalist and anti-Soviet struggle. Yeni Kafkasya (New Caucasia) was the first publication of all Turkish political refugees from Soviet Russia. This review and others, Azeri Turk and Odlu Yurt which were published successively in Istanbul played an important role to promulgate the Azerbaijani national cause. KEY WORDS Mehmed Emin Resulzade, Azerbaijani Turkish political emigration, political publications of Azerbaijani Turks in Turkey, Yeni Kafkasya, Azeri T�rk, Odlu Yurt, rhetoric of Turkish Revolution (Received February 18 2007) (Accepted December 19 2007) (Published Online February 28 2008) Correspondence: Address for correspondence: Saime Selenga G�kg�z, Assoc.Prof.Dr., Hacettepe University, Atat�rk Principles and Revolution History Institute, 06532 Beytepe, Ankara . T�RK�YE. E-mail: ssgokgoz@hacettepe.edu.tr