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Old Uyghur Documents Related to the Faxiang School of Buddhism (Chapter 18, Leaves 22 – 25)
UZUNKAYA, Uğur
JMTS 2020, 17(3):439-458; DOI: 10.1501/MTAD.17.2020.3.23
Published online: 9 November 2020
Article (PDF 569 KB)
ÖZET
Budizmin Mahāyāna felsefi kavrayışından Mādhyamaka ve Yogācāra adında iki temel ekol ortaya çıkmıştır. Mādhyamaka ‘orta yol’ ekolünün temel kavramını ‘boşluk’ oluştururken, Yogācāra ‘yoga uygulaması’ ekolünde hakikat mutlak şuurdur. Yogācāra’dan Çinli seyyah ve keşiş Xuanzang’ın (玄奘) (602-664) temellerini attığı - daha sonraları Yeni Yogācāra olarak da anılacak - Faxiang (法相宗) ekolü ortaya çıkmıştır. Vasubandhu’nun Triṃśikā-vijñaptimātratā adlı eseri ve bu eser üzerine yazılan tefsirler temelinde Xuanzang, Cheng weishi lun (成唯識論) ‘Mutlak Şuur Nazariyesi Hakkında Hitabe’ adlı Faxiang ekolünün temel felsefesini ortaya koyan eserini kaleme almıştır. Bu yazının esasını oluşturan Budizmin Faxiang ekolüne ilişkin fragmanlar, daha önce neşredilmemiştir ve bugün Berlin Brandenburg Bilimler Akademisi Turfan Koleksiyonu’nda sırasıyla U 1317 ([T I] 10), U 1338 ([T I] 11), U 1367 ([T I] 12) ve U 1366 ([T I] 13) arşiv numaralarıyla korunmaktadır. Bu metin parçaları Budizmin Faxiang ekolüne ait en az otuz bölümden oluşan bir derleme eser olarak tanımlanabilecek bir yazma eserin 18. bölümünün 22., 23., 24. ve 25. yapraklarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu yazı yukarıda zikredilen fragmanların yazı çevirimlerini ve harf çevirilerini, Türkiye Türkçesine aktarmalarını, metne ilişkin notlarını ve dizin-sözlüğünü içermektedir.
ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER
Eski Uygurca, metin neşri, Budizm, Faxiang ekolü.
ABSTRACT
Two main schools, namely Mādhyamaka and Yogācāra developed from the philosophical conception of Mahāyāna Buddhism. While the basic concept of the Mādhyamaka school meaning ‘middle way’ forms the ‘emptiness’, the essential thought in Yogācāra school ‘yoga practice’ is consciousness-only. Faxiang (法相 宗) school - later referred to as the New Yogācāra - emerged from Yogācāra school and it was founded by Chinese pilgrim and monk Xuanzang (玄奘) (602-664). On the basis of Vasubandhu’s Triṃśikā-vijñaptimātratā and its commentaries, Xuanzang wrote the basic philosophy of the Faxiang school named Cheng weishi lun (成唯識論) ‘Discourse on the Theory of Consciousness-Only’. The fragments relating to the Faxiang school of Buddhism, which form the basis of this article, have not been published before, and they are preserved with the archive number U 1317 ([T I] 10), U 1338 ([T I] 11), U 1367 ([T I] 12) and U 1366 ([T I] 13) at the Turfan Collection in the Berlin Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. These fragments are from the 22nd, 23rd, 24th and 25th leaves of the 18th chapter of a manuscript related to the Faxiang school of Buddhism that can be described as a compilation of at least thirty sections. This paper contains the transcription and transliteration of aforementioned Old Uyghur fragment, translations into Turkish, notes and glossary with an analytical index.
KEY WORDS
Old Uyghur, text edition, Buddhism, Faxiang school.
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Elektronik Kaynaklar/Digital Sources
DDB = Digital Dictionary of Buddhism, www.buddhism-dict.net (Erişim tarihi: 24.03.2020).
U 1317 ([T I] 10): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1317seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1317seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
U 1338 ([T I] 11): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1338seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1338seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
U 1366 ([T I] 13): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1366seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1366seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
U 1367 ([T I] 12): [ön:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1367seite2.jpg (Erişim tarihi 25.03.2020) ve [arka:] http://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u1367seite1.jpg (Erişim tarihi: 25.03.2020)
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